The world has been much closer with the advent of aerial technology and rapid development. In the past, especially 150 years ago, people might never have dreamed visiting England within 10 hours. Even if the globalization has given numerous benefits to us, it has also had negative impacts on each country’s own national identities as well as cultures. This essay will explore what the internalization has caused and enumerate possible ways to lessen the causes.
First of all, lingua franca has occurred through the world. This is largely attributed to English which has been considered the world language. Accordingly, countless languages across the world have undergone morphological alternations heavily influenced by the influx of English. To illustrate in detail, Korean has a lot of words imported from English. Since the Korean War, Korean has combined wit English. Moreover, as people are more exposed to the media and the internet, they can easily access foreign cultures. Through these channels, original Korean has been altered to a contaminated language. In addition to this language problem, the young generation in Korea pays less attention to traditional cultures, such as Korean history and costumes. They are largely fascinated by the western cultures.
If the above is plausible, how can we relieve these problems? Let’s look at the language matters first. In the case of North Korea, every time they import foreign words, they attempt to change them to Korean language(s). Unless they have proper words, they try their best to coin new words. But, we haven’t tried to make new vocabulary. This is the very policy we should pursue. Second, history should be a required course(s) at universities. Therefore, university students must take history lectures in order to graduate from undergraduate school. (Even if) It’s because they are urged to enroll such class, the class can consciously or unconsciously instill the importance of history.
To summarize, nations are getting closer and closer. This phenomenon (not only has) has not only presented benefits, but (also has) has also offered disadvantages. The disadvantages might be included in the following categories: language alternations; lack of interests in traditional heritages and outfits. In order to alleviate these problems, we should change foreign words to proper Korean ones and history lectures should be a prerequisite for graduating students.
2009년 5월 29일 금요일
2009년 5월 27일 수요일
Value & Pitfalls of English Immersion Program
Values
1. Speaking Proficiency will improve (including pronunciation)
2. Double investment (killing too birds with one stone)
3. Learners will learn ENglish in L1 context
4. SUbject Knowledge will be more globally used.
5. No more paymetn for extra lesson (no gap between the poor and the rich)
6. Affective filter can lowered.
Pitfalls.
1. Lack of understanding -> Learning failure.
2. Not effective for all students (effective only for motivated student)
3. Not appropriate for all subjects (ex. Korean History)
4. Too costly / Time-consuming
5. No teachers
1. Speaking Proficiency will improve (including pronunciation)
2. Double investment (killing too birds with one stone)
3. Learners will learn ENglish in L1 context
4. SUbject Knowledge will be more globally used.
5. No more paymetn for extra lesson (no gap between the poor and the rich)
6. Affective filter can lowered.
Pitfalls.
1. Lack of understanding -> Learning failure.
2. Not effective for all students (effective only for motivated student)
3. Not appropriate for all subjects (ex. Korean History)
4. Too costly / Time-consuming
5. No teachers
2009년 5월 26일 화요일
Steve Jobs Stanford Commencement Speech 2005
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.
먼저 세계 최고의 명문으로 꼽히는 이 곳에서 여러분들의 졸업식에 참석하게 된 것을 영광으로 생각합니다.
Truth be told, I never graduated from college. This is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
사실, 저는 대학을 졸업하지 못했습니다. 대학 졸업식을 이렇게 가까이서 보는 것도 처음이군요.
Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
오늘, 저는 여러분께 제가 살아오면서 겪었던 세 가지 이야기를 해볼까 합니다. 별로 대단한 이야기는 아니구요. 딱 세가지만요.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
먼저, 인생의 전환점에 관한 이야기입니다.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.
전 리드 칼리지에 입학한지 6개월 만에 자퇴했습니다. 그래도 일년 반 정도는 도강을 하다가 정말로 그만뒀습니다.
So why did I drop out?
왜 자퇴했을까요?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.
그것은 제가 태어나기 전까지 거슬러 올라갑니다. 제 생모는 대학원생인 젊은 미혼모였습니다. 그래서 저를 입양 보내기로 결심했던 거지요.
She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me!
어머니는 제 미래를 생각해서 대학을 졸업한 사람이 양부모가 되기를 원했습니다.
To be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.
그래서 저는 태어나자마자 변호사 부부에 입양되기로 되어 있었습니다.
Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.
그들은 여자 아이를 원했었지만 제가 태어났을 때 마지막 결정을 내렸었지요.
So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking:
대기자 명단에 있던 양부모님들은 한 밤 중에 걸려온 전화를 받았습니다.
"We've got an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?"
"어떡하죠? 예정에 없던 사내아이가 태어났는데, 그래도 입양하실 건가요?"
They said: "Of course."
"물론이죠"
My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school.
그런데 알고보니 양어머니는 대졸자도 아니었고, 양아버지는 고등학교도 졸업못한 사람이어서
She refused to sign the final adoption papers.
친어머니는 입양동의서 쓰기를 거부했습니다.
She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
친어머니는 양부모님들이 저를 꼭 대학까지 보내주겠다고 약속한 후 몇개월이 지나서야 화가 풀렸습니다.
And 17 years later I did go to college.
17년후, 저는 대학에 입학했습니다.
But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford,
그러나 저는 멍청하게도 바로 이 곳, 스탠포드의 학비와 맞먹는 값비싼 학교를 선택했습니다.
and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition.
평범한 노동자였던 부모님이 힘들게 모아뒀던 돈이 모두 제 학비로 들어갔습니다.
After six months, I couldn't see the value in it.
결국 6개월 후, 저는 대학 공부가 그만한 가치가 없다는 생각을 했습니다.
I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.
내가 진정으로 인생에서 원하는 게 무엇인지, 그리고 대학교육이 그것에 얼마나 어떻게 도움이 될지 판단할 수 없었습니다.
And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life.
게다가 부모님이 평생토록 모은 재산이 전부 제 학비로 들어가고 있었습니다.
So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK.
그래서 모든 것이 다 잘 될거라 믿고 자퇴를 결심했습니다.
It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made.
지금 뒤돌아보면 참으로 겁이 나는 순간이었지만, 제 인생 최고의 결정 중 하나였던 것 같습니다.
The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me,
자퇴를 하니 평소에 흥미없던 필수과목 대신
and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
재미있어 보이는 강의만 들기 시작했습니다.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms,
그렇다고 꼭 낭만적인 것만도 아니었습니다. 전 기숙사에 들어갈 수 없었기 때문에 친구 집 마룻바닥에 자기도 했고
I returned coke bottles for the 5￠ deposits to buy food with,
한 병에 5센트씩 하는 콜라 빈병을 모아서 먹을 것을 사기도 했습니다.
and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.
또 매주 일요일 밤, 한 끼를 위해 7마일이나 걸어서 헤어 크리슈나 사원에 가기도 했습니다.
I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.
맛있더군요. 당시 순전히 호기심과 직감에 따라 시도했던 일들이 후에 정말 값진 경험이 됐습니다.
Let me give you one example:
예를 든다면
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.
그 당시 리드 칼리지는 아마 미국 최고의 서체 교육을 제공했던 것 같습니다.
Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed.
학교 곳곳에 붙어있는 포스터, 서랍에 붙어있는 상표들은 손으로 쓴 서체가 너무 아름다웠구요.
Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes,
어차피 자퇴한 상황이라, 정규 과목을 들을 필요가 없었기 때문에
I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.
어떻게 그렇게 아름다운 서체가 나오는지 배워기 위해 서체 수업을 듣기로 했습니다.
I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.
그 때 저는 세리프체와 산 세리프체에 관해서, 서로 다른 문자끼리 조합에서 자간 간격의 조절에 관해서, 멋진 글씨체의 요소에 관해서 배웠습니다.
It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
과학으로 잡아내기 어려운, 아름답고, 유서깊고, 예술적인 섬세함을 느꼈고, 전 그것에 흠뻑 빠졌습니다.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.
사실, 이 때만해도 이런 것이 제 인생에 어떤 도움이 될지는 상상도 못했습니다.
But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me.
그러나 10년 후 우리가 매킨토시를 처음 디자인할 때, 그것들은 고스란히 빛을 발했습니다.
And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography.
우리가 설계한 매킨토시에 그것을 모두 집어넣었으니까요. 아마 아름다운 타이포그래피를 가진 최초의 컴퓨터가 아니였나 생각합니다.
If I had never dropped in on that single course in college,
만약 제가 대학에서 그 서체 수업을 듣지 않았다면
the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.
매킨토시의 복수 서체나 자간 간격이 조절된 서체는 없었을 것이고
And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.
맥을 따라한 윈도우도 그런 기능이 없었을 것이고, 결국 PC에는 이런 기능이 탑재될 수 없었을 겁니다.
If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class,
만약 학교를 자퇴하지 않았다면, 서체 수업을 듣지 못했을 것이고
and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.
결국 개인용 컴퓨터가 오늘날처럼 뛰어난 타이포그래피를 가질 수도 없었을 겁니다.
Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.
물론 제가 대학에 있을 때는 그 순간들이 내 인생의 전환점이라는 것을 알아챌 수 없었습니다.
But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
그러나 10년이 지난 지금에서야 모든 것이 분명하게 보입니다.
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards.
다시 말해서, 지금 여러분은 미래를 알 수 없습니다 : 다만 현재와 과거의 사건들만을 연관시켜 볼 수 있을 뿐이죠.
So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.
그러므로 여러분들은 현재의 순간들이 미래에 어떤식으로든지 연결된다는 걸 알아야만 합니다.
You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.
여러분들은 자신의 배짱, 운명, 인생, 카르마 등 무엇이든지 간에 '그 무엇'에 믿음을 가져야만 합니다.
This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
이런 믿음이 저를 실망시킨 적이 없습니다. 언제나 제 인생의 고비 때마다 힘이 되어 줬습니다.
My second story is about love and loss.
두번째 이야기는 사랑과 상실입니다.
I was lucky I found what I loved to do early in life.
저는 운 좋게도 인생에서 정말 하고 싶은 일을 일찍 발견했습니다.
Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20.
제가 20살 때, 부모님의 차고에서 스티브 워즈니악과 함께 애플을 시작했습니다.
We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees.
우리는 열심히 일했고, 차고에서 2명으로 시작한 애플은 10년 후에 4000명의 종업원을 거느린 20억달러짜리 기업이 되었습니다.
We had just released our finest creation - the Macintosh - a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired.
제 나이 29살, 우리는 최고의 작품인 매킨토시를 출시했습니다. 그러나 이듬해 저는 해고당했습니다.
How can you get fired from a company you started?
내가 세운 회사에서 내가 해고 당하다니!
Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me,
당시, 애플이 점점 성장하면서, 저는 저와 함께 회사를 경영할 유능한 경영자를 고용했습니다.
and for the first year or so things went well.
처음 1년은 그런대로 잘 돌아갔습니다.
But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out.
그런데 언젠가부터 우리의 비전은 서로 어긋나기 시작했고, 결국 우리 둘의 사이도 어긋나기 시작했습니다.
When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out.
이 때, 우리 회사의 이사진들은 그의 편을 들었고, 저는 30살에 쫓겨나야만 했습니다. 그것도 아주 공개적으로.
What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
저는 인생의 촛점을 잃어버렸고, 참담한 심정이었습니다.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months.
전 몇 개월 동안 무엇을 해야 할 지 모르는 채 방황했습니다.
I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.
마치 달리기 계주에서 바톤을 놓친 선수처럼, 선배 기업인들에게 송구스런 마음이 들었고
I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.
데이비드 패커드(HP의 공동 창업자)와 밥 노이스(인텔 공동 창업자)를 만나 이렇게 실패한 것에 대해 사과하려 했습니다.
I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley.
저는 완전히 '공공의 실패작'으로 전락했고, 실리콘 밸리에서 도망치고 싶었습니다.
But something slowly began to dawn on me.
그러나 제 맘 속에는 뭔가가 천천히 다시 일어나기 시작했습니다.
I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.
전 여전히 제가 했던 일을 사랑했고, 애플에서 겪었던 일들조차도 그런 마음들을 꺾지 못했습니다.
I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
전 해고당했지만, 여전히 일에 대한 사랑은 식지 않았습니다. 그래서 전 다시 시작하기로 결심했습니다.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
당시에는 몰랐지만, 애플에서 해고당한 것은 제 인생 최고의 사건임을 깨닫게 됐습니다.
The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything.
그 사건으로 인해 저는 성공이란 중압감에서 벗어나서 초심자의 마음으로 돌아가
It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
자유를 만끽하며, 내 인생의 최고의 창의력을 발휘하는 시기로 갈 수 있게 됐습니다.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar,and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.
이후 5년동안 저는 '넥스트'와 '픽사'라는 회사를 시작했고, 그리고 지금 제 아내가 되어준 그녀와 사랑에 빠져버렸습니다.
Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
픽사는 세계 최초의 컴퓨터 애니메이션영화 토이스토리를 시작으로, 지금은 가장 성공한 애니메이션 제작사가 되었습니다.
In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance.
세기의 사건으로 평가되는 애플의 넥스트 인수와 저의 애플로 복귀 후, 넥스트 시절 개발했던 기술들은 현재 애플의 르네상스의 중추적인 역할을 하고 있습니다.
And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
또한 로렌과 저는 행복한 가정을 꾸리고 있습니다.
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.
애플에서 해고당하지 않았다면, 이런 엄청난 일들을 겪을 수도 없었을 것입니다
It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.
정말 독하고 쓰디 쓴 약이었지만, 이게 필요한 환자도 있는가봅니다.
Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith.
때로 인생에서 좌절을 겪을 지라도, 결코 믿음을 잃지 마십시오.
I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.
전 제가 하는 일을 사랑했기에 좌절하지 않고 앞으로 나아갈 수 있었다고 확신합니다.
You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers.
당신이 사랑하는 일을 찾아보세요. 사랑하는 사람이 내게 먼저 다가오지 않듯, 일도 그런 것이죠.
Your work is going to fill a large part of your life,
'노동'은 인생의 대부분을 차지합니다.
and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.
그런 시간 속에서 진정한 기쁨을 누릴 수 있는 방법은 스스로가 위대한 일이라고 믿는 일을 하는 것입니다.
And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.
자신의 일을 사랑하는 것만이 위대한 일을 해내는 유일한 방법입니다.
If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it.
아직 찾지 못했다면 계속 찾아 보세요. 주저앉지 마세요. 전심을 다하면 반드시 찾을 수 있습니다.
And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on.
일단 한 번 찾아낸다면, 서로 사랑하는 연인들처럼 시간이 가면 갈수록 사랑이 더욱 더 깊어질 것입니다.
So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
그러니 그것들을 찾아낼 때까지 포기하지 마세요. 현실에 주저앉지 마세요.
My third story is about death.
세번째는 죽음에 관한 것입니다.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like:
17살 때, 이런 문구를 읽은 적이 있습니다.
"If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right."
하루 하루를 인생의 마지막 날처럼 산다면, 언젠가는 바른 길에 서 있을 것이다
It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years! ,
이 글에 감명받은 저는 그 후 50살이 되도록
I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself:
매일 아침 거울을 보면서 자신에게 묻곤 했습니다.
"If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?"
오늘이 내 인생의 마지막 날이라면, 지금 하려고 하는 일을 할 것인가?
And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
아니오!라는 답이 여러 날 계속 나온다면, 다른 것을 해야한다는 걸 깨달았습니다.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.
인생의 중요한 선택의 순간마다 '곧 죽을지도 모른다'는 사실을 명심하는 것이 저에게는 가장 중요한 도구가 됩니다.
Because almost everything ?
왜냐구요?
all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure -
외부의 기대, 각종 자부심과 자만심. 수치스러움와 실패에 대한 두려움들은
these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important.
'죽음' 앞에서는 모두 밑으로 가라앉고, 오직 진정으로 중요한 것만이 남기 때문입니다.
Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.
죽음을 생각하는 것은 무엇을 잃을지도 모른다는 두려움에서 벗어나는 최고의 길입니다.
You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
여러분들이 지금 모두 잃어버린 상태라면, 더이상 잃을 것도 없기에 자신의 마음에 충실할 수 밖에 없습니다.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer.
저는 1년 전쯤 암진단을 받았습니다.
I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.
아침 7시 반에 검사를 받았는데, 이미 췌장에 종양이 있었습니다.
I didn't even know what a pancreas was.
그전까지는 췌장이란 게 뭔지도 몰랐는데요.
The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.
의사들은 거의 확실히 치료가 불가능한 암이라고 했고, 길어야 3개월에서 6개월이라고 말했습니다.
My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die.
주치의는 집으로 돌아가 신변정리를 하라고 했습니다. 죽음을 준비하라는 뜻이었죠.
It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months.
그것은 내 아이들에게 10년동안 해줄수 있는 것을 단 몇달 안에 다 해치워야 된단 말이었고
It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.
가족을 위해서 모든 것을 정리하란 말이었고
It means to say your goodbyes.
작별인사를 준비하라는 말이었습니다.
I lived with that diagnosis all day.
전 불치병 판정을 받았습니다.
Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat,
through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.
그 날 저녁 위장을 지나 장까지 내시경을 넣어서 암세포를 채취해 조직검사를 받았습니다.
I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope
저는 마취상태였는데, 후에 아내가 말해주길, 현미경으로 세포를 분석한 결과
the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.
수술로 치료가 가능한 아주 희귀한 췌장암으로써, 의사들까지도 기뻐서 눈물을 글썽였다고 합니다.
I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
저는 수술을 받았고, 지금은 괜찮습니다.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades.
그 때만큼 제가 죽음에 가까이 가 본 적은 없는 것 같습니다. 또한 앞으로도 가고 싶지 않습니다.
Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
이런 경험을 해보니, '죽음'이 때론 유용하단 것을 머리로만 알고 있을 때보다 더 자신있게 말할 수 있습니다.
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there.
아무도 죽길 원하지 않습니다. 천국에 가고싶다는 사람들조차도 당장 죽는 건 원치 않습니다.
And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it.
우리 모두는 언젠가는 다 죽을 것입니다. 아무도 피할 수 없죠.
And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life.
삶이 만든 최고의 작품이 '죽음'이니까요.
It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new.
죽음이란 삶의 또다른 모습입니다. 죽음은 새로운 것이 헌 것을 대체할 수 있도록 만들어줍니다.
Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.
지금의 여러분들은 '새로움'이란 자리에 서 있습니다. 그러나 언젠가는 여러분들도 새로운 세대들에게 그 자리를 물려줘야할 것입니다.
Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
너무 극단적으로 들렸다면 죄송하지만, 사실이 그렇습니다.
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.
여러분들의 삶은 제한되어 있습니다. 그러므로 다른 사람의 삶을 사느라고 낭비하지 마십시오.
Don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking.
다른 사람들이 생각한 결과대로 사는 것, 즉 도그마에 빠지지 마십시오.
Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice.
타인의 잡음이 여러분들 내면의 진정한 목소리를 방해하지 못하게 하세요
And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.
그리고 가장 중요한 것은 마음과 직관을 따르는 용기를 가지는 것입니다.
They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
이미 마음과 직관은 당신이 진짜로 무엇을 원하는지 알고 있습니다. 나머지 것들은 부차적인 것이죠.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation.
제가 어릴 때, 제 나이 또래라면 다 알만한 '지구 백과'란 책이 있었습니다.
It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.
여기서 그리 멀지 않은 먼로 파크에 사는 스튜어트 브랜드란 사람이 쓴 책인데, 자신의 모든 걸 불어넣은 책이었지요.
This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras.
PC나 전자출판이 존재하기 전인 1960년대 후반이었기 때문에, 타자기, 가위, 폴라로이드 카메라로 그 책을 만들었습니다.
It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along:
35년 전의 책으로 된 구글이라고나 할까요.
it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
그 책은 위대한 의지와 아주 간단한 도구만으로 만들어진 역작이었습니다.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.
스튜어트와 친구들은 몇 번의 개정판을 내놓았고, 수명이 다할 때쯤엔 최종판을 내놓았습니다.
It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age.
그 때가 70년대 중반, 제가 여러분 나이 때였죠.
On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road,
최종판의 뒤쪽 표지에는 이른 아침 시골길 사진이 있었는데,
the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.
아마 모험을 좋아하는 사람이라면 히치하이킹을 하고 싶다는 생각이 들 정도였지요.
Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish."
그 사진 밑에는 이런 말이 있었습니다 : 배고픔과 함께, 미련함과 함께
It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
배고픔과 함께, 미련함과 함께. 그것이 그들의 마지막 작별인사였습니다.
And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
저는 이제 새로운 시작을 앞둔 여러분들이 여러분의 분야에서 이런 방법으로 가길 원합니다.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
배고픔과 함께. 미련함과 함께
Thank you all very much.
감사합니다.
2009년 5월 22일 금요일
TOEFL Essay Week 12
There has been an ongoing debate over whether or not there should be the equal number of males and female students in every lecture. Some are against this stance, arguing that this policy can detract students from thinking creatively. However, others firmly believe that male and female students can access different perspectives from one another. I agree with the former position and present my reasons below.
To begin with, what is the policy of maintaining the equal number of males and females in class good for? Even if this is plausible, in my opinion, it sounds possible just in theory, but not in practice. This is not only because each person has different tastes, but also because males and females usually have dissimilar interests. One can see this fact, relating to students’ choices of their majors. To illustrate, there were 34 female students and 5 male ones in my department (French language and literature) at undergraduate school. The proportion denotes approximately seven to one. In my department, females had shown more interest in French. Many studies have revealed that women possess more abilities connected to humanities, whereas men excel in engineering. Accordingly, the policy seems to prevent students from truly enhancing their aptitudes.
Even assuming the scenario above is plausible, people who disagree with my view argue that students can improve themselves by being exposed to a different gender. This is attributed that, in general, women better handle delicacies than men; yet, men can take care of a big-scale one easier than women. I still, however, emphasize my idea because there is a more important matter to consider: The policy is not conducive to our ingenuity.
If each country’s Ministry of Education establishes this policy, every subject at universities will make a compulsory one. All the school will attempt to control the size of males and females in every class. Eventually, this effort will be detrimental of students’ learning. They are frequently urged to take unwanted classes for the purpose of making the perfect proportion of genders. In stead of this, universities should offer autonomies where students can pursue an in-depth knowledge as well as expand their horizons in their fields.
To summarize, although each person may hold a different position on this issue, all things considered, in my case, I am for the idea of giving students self-controls. I have two reasons for this. One is that people have different interests. The other is that mandatory curriculum can have negative impacts on students.
To begin with, what is the policy of maintaining the equal number of males and females in class good for? Even if this is plausible, in my opinion, it sounds possible just in theory, but not in practice. This is not only because each person has different tastes, but also because males and females usually have dissimilar interests. One can see this fact, relating to students’ choices of their majors. To illustrate, there were 34 female students and 5 male ones in my department (French language and literature) at undergraduate school. The proportion denotes approximately seven to one. In my department, females had shown more interest in French. Many studies have revealed that women possess more abilities connected to humanities, whereas men excel in engineering. Accordingly, the policy seems to prevent students from truly enhancing their aptitudes.
Even assuming the scenario above is plausible, people who disagree with my view argue that students can improve themselves by being exposed to a different gender. This is attributed that, in general, women better handle delicacies than men; yet, men can take care of a big-scale one easier than women. I still, however, emphasize my idea because there is a more important matter to consider: The policy is not conducive to our ingenuity.
If each country’s Ministry of Education establishes this policy, every subject at universities will make a compulsory one. All the school will attempt to control the size of males and females in every class. Eventually, this effort will be detrimental of students’ learning. They are frequently urged to take unwanted classes for the purpose of making the perfect proportion of genders. In stead of this, universities should offer autonomies where students can pursue an in-depth knowledge as well as expand their horizons in their fields.
To summarize, although each person may hold a different position on this issue, all things considered, in my case, I am for the idea of giving students self-controls. I have two reasons for this. One is that people have different interests. The other is that mandatory curriculum can have negative impacts on students.
2009년 5월 21일 목요일
2009년 5월 16일 토요일
TOEFL Speaking Study Guide
Speaking Q1
❶ As far as I'm concerned,
❷ - My most impressive event in my whole life is
-> memorable, important, favorite,
- Even though it is very difficult to choose only one ________, I prefer or choose_____
❸ First of all, the reason why I choose it is that S + V
❹ Second, another reason I like it is that S + V
❺ In conclusion, because of two reasons, I prefer to choose it as________
-> it is my most______________
Speaking Q 2
❶ As far as, I concerned,
❷ - I prefer _________ to _________ or I prefer _________rather than ________
- I believe that ________ has had a positive effect on human society.
- I believe that ________ is more important than ________
❸ First of all, the reason why I prefer or choose it is that S + V
❹ Second, another reason I like or think it is that S + V
❺ In conclusion, because of two reasons, I prefer ___ to ____ or ____ rather than ____
I believe that it is ______
Q3 -> 캠퍼스 상황에 따른 독해지문과 대화=> 독해지문에 대한 대화자의 반응
(30초 준비, 60초 답변)
- Taking Note Method: ❶ main Idea ❷ Background ❸ The result (what next?)
=>❶They are talk about...
❷ The man agree with, The woman believe that --------------------will be useful.
❸ There are several reason why man/woman agree with
The man/woman complain about...or complain because ...
ex] The male/ female student agrees with or The man/woman agrees with
Her/His fisrt reason is that or Firstly, The man/woman argues that
The second reason is that or Secondly, The man/woman suggests that
Q4 -> 학술적 독해지문과 독해지문과 연관된 강의 듣기 => 종합적 답변(30초준비,60초답변)
- Taking Note: ❶ Main Idea ❷ 1,2,3 reasons in reading and lecture ❸ conclusion.
=> ❶Lecture and reading explain about ...
The lecture mainly discusses...... / The main topic of the lecture is that
❷ leacture expresses that ..... According to lecture, there are...
❸ First and second
Q5 -> 캠퍼스 상황의 대화 듣기=> 문제를 보고 해결책 말하기(20초 준비, 60초 답변)
- Taking Note: ❶ Main Idea ❷ Problem ❸ Suggestions ❹ 3번의 제안 중에서 나의 선택
=> ❶They are discussing about man/woman's ...problem.
❷ The woman is having a problem with or The man's problem is that
The man/ woman is complaining that
❸The man/woman suggests that the woman
❹In my opinion....
Q6 -> 학술적 강의 듣기 => 요약하여 답변 (20초 준비, 60초 답변)
- Taking Note: ❶ Main Idea ❷ Each small topic and evidence ❸ conclusion.
=> ❶ The main topic of the lecture is / The lecture discusses / The lecture is mainly about
The professor talks about ... / In the lecture,
❷ There are two/three...
First of all / next or In addition.
❸ In conclusion,
❶ As far as I'm concerned,
❷ - My most impressive event in my whole life is
-> memorable, important, favorite,
- Even though it is very difficult to choose only one ________, I prefer or choose_____
❸ First of all, the reason why I choose it is that S + V
❹ Second, another reason I like it is that S + V
❺ In conclusion, because of two reasons, I prefer to choose it as________
-> it is my most______________
Speaking Q 2
❶ As far as, I concerned,
❷ - I prefer _________ to _________ or I prefer _________rather than ________
- I believe that ________ has had a positive effect on human society.
- I believe that ________ is more important than ________
❸ First of all, the reason why I prefer or choose it is that S + V
❹ Second, another reason I like or think it is that S + V
❺ In conclusion, because of two reasons, I prefer ___ to ____ or ____ rather than ____
I believe that it is ______
Q3 -> 캠퍼스 상황에 따른 독해지문과 대화=> 독해지문에 대한 대화자의 반응
(30초 준비, 60초 답변)
- Taking Note Method: ❶ main Idea ❷ Background ❸ The result (what next?)
=>❶They are talk about...
❷ The man agree with, The woman believe that --------------------will be useful.
❸ There are several reason why man/woman agree with
The man/woman complain about...or complain because ...
ex] The male/ female student agrees with or The man/woman agrees with
Her/His fisrt reason is that or Firstly, The man/woman argues that
The second reason is that or Secondly, The man/woman suggests that
Q4 -> 학술적 독해지문과 독해지문과 연관된 강의 듣기 => 종합적 답변(30초준비,60초답변)
- Taking Note: ❶ Main Idea ❷ 1,2,3 reasons in reading and lecture ❸ conclusion.
=> ❶Lecture and reading explain about ...
The lecture mainly discusses...... / The main topic of the lecture is that
❷ leacture expresses that ..... According to lecture, there are...
❸ First and second
Q5 -> 캠퍼스 상황의 대화 듣기=> 문제를 보고 해결책 말하기(20초 준비, 60초 답변)
- Taking Note: ❶ Main Idea ❷ Problem ❸ Suggestions ❹ 3번의 제안 중에서 나의 선택
=> ❶They are discussing about man/woman's ...problem.
❷ The woman is having a problem with or The man's problem is that
The man/ woman is complaining that
❸The man/woman suggests that the woman
❹In my opinion....
Q6 -> 학술적 강의 듣기 => 요약하여 답변 (20초 준비, 60초 답변)
- Taking Note: ❶ Main Idea ❷ Each small topic and evidence ❸ conclusion.
=> ❶ The main topic of the lecture is / The lecture discusses / The lecture is mainly about
The professor talks about ... / In the lecture,
❷ There are two/three...
First of all / next or In addition.
❸ In conclusion,
TOEFL Essay Week 11
With the advent of the media and rapid development, TV has constantly given us vivid information regarding this world. Moreover, we have also gained pleasure by watching our favorite TV stars and programs. However, TV has also had a negative effect on us. It has been the main cause of gossiping others ranging from politicians to entertainers. Furthermore, through TV, people could see TV stars heedlessly spend huge sums of money without proper reasons. A longstanding debate for this has existed. Some believe that we don’t have to care little about their styles of wasting, whereas some are against this stance by saying that there are countless people who are undernourished throughout the world. I agree with the former viewpoint and present my reasons below.
First, entertainers deserve every penny they earn. Not all the people who are engaging in the field of entertainment are rich. They make every effort in order to be successful. They continuously try their best to stay on top. It’s not that easy for them to maintain their popularity since there are thousands of thousands rivals behind them who also attempt to fulfill their goals. Because many audiences – perhaps most – just observe their bright outer aspects, those audiences seem to be grossly mistaken and/or misunderstood. If they look into hardships which numerous entertainers face, they will not complain the way entertainers waste their money any more.
Even assuming the above is very plausible, some may disagree with my assertion, arguing that one-third of the children in Africa are malnourished. UNICEF recently reports that if we each send just one dollar to Africa, they could be free of having foods for two days. I agree with this stand. But, I still put an emphasis on my idea because there is one more important matter to consider: Being rich is our distinct.
Most people would like to have as much money as they can. For this reason, they study hard in order to go to top-notch universities. They also work hard for the purpose of saving a lot of money. Who would like to be poor? In my opinion, having a lot of money is our basic appetite. Then, if they become rich, most of them will be willing to waste money on buying wonderful cars and gorgeous houses, and eating expensive foods. I firmly believe that if we were in movie or TV stars’ shoes, we would also have high chances of spending vast amounts of money on something. Therefore, we don’t have the right to blame them.
To summarize, although each person may hold a different position on this issue, all things considered, we should not reprimand movie or TV stars some of whom, these days, show tendencies to waste much money without caution. The rationale for my idea is that not only do they deserve what they earn, but we would also take the same way they do as same humankind.
First, entertainers deserve every penny they earn. Not all the people who are engaging in the field of entertainment are rich. They make every effort in order to be successful. They continuously try their best to stay on top. It’s not that easy for them to maintain their popularity since there are thousands of thousands rivals behind them who also attempt to fulfill their goals. Because many audiences – perhaps most – just observe their bright outer aspects, those audiences seem to be grossly mistaken and/or misunderstood. If they look into hardships which numerous entertainers face, they will not complain the way entertainers waste their money any more.
Even assuming the above is very plausible, some may disagree with my assertion, arguing that one-third of the children in Africa are malnourished. UNICEF recently reports that if we each send just one dollar to Africa, they could be free of having foods for two days. I agree with this stand. But, I still put an emphasis on my idea because there is one more important matter to consider: Being rich is our distinct.
Most people would like to have as much money as they can. For this reason, they study hard in order to go to top-notch universities. They also work hard for the purpose of saving a lot of money. Who would like to be poor? In my opinion, having a lot of money is our basic appetite. Then, if they become rich, most of them will be willing to waste money on buying wonderful cars and gorgeous houses, and eating expensive foods. I firmly believe that if we were in movie or TV stars’ shoes, we would also have high chances of spending vast amounts of money on something. Therefore, we don’t have the right to blame them.
To summarize, although each person may hold a different position on this issue, all things considered, we should not reprimand movie or TV stars some of whom, these days, show tendencies to waste much money without caution. The rationale for my idea is that not only do they deserve what they earn, but we would also take the same way they do as same humankind.
2009년 5월 10일 일요일
Journal Topic of the Week 10
Q. Talk about developing your self-access learning blog. What are the things that you are interested in? What barriers do you perceive? What are the things are you especially emphasizing in designing your SALB?
Write and Submit the details of your SALB plan on your blog.
Your plan should include:
Purpose
Organizations (subcategories)
List of Links in each category
Planning (how to use it)
A. I would like to develop a self-access learning blog a.k.a SALB into a specialized one in reading, writing. Reading might be the one that everyone feels comfortable out of four language skills. However, Korean students often find reading English article very boring because they are forced to read for an exam and stuff. No Korean young students read English articles spontaneously and they don't even know what to read. So my SALB would offer a variety genre of reading materials especially literature, the one that eveyone find interesting.
Also, I am going to write a TOEFL essay once a week, to improve my writing skills and offer some information for people to develop their writing skills.
My Blog will be subcategorized into 5 different ones. Daily Journal for everyday life. Entertainment for learning English and having fun at the same time. ICT and Autonomy in Language Learning for all the things I have done in the course. Studying for any information that related to Studying and Learning English. Last but not least, TOEFL essays for my everyweek TOEFL writing practices.
Write and Submit the details of your SALB plan on your blog.
Your plan should include:
Purpose
Organizations (subcategories)
List of Links in each category
Planning (how to use it)
A. I would like to develop a self-access learning blog a.k.a SALB into a specialized one in reading, writing. Reading might be the one that everyone feels comfortable out of four language skills. However, Korean students often find reading English article very boring because they are forced to read for an exam and stuff. No Korean young students read English articles spontaneously and they don't even know what to read. So my SALB would offer a variety genre of reading materials especially literature, the one that eveyone find interesting.
Also, I am going to write a TOEFL essay once a week, to improve my writing skills and offer some information for people to develop their writing skills.
My Blog will be subcategorized into 5 different ones. Daily Journal for everyday life. Entertainment for learning English and having fun at the same time. ICT and Autonomy in Language Learning for all the things I have done in the course. Studying for any information that related to Studying and Learning English. Last but not least, TOEFL essays for my everyweek TOEFL writing practices.
2009년 5월 5일 화요일
2009년 5월 4일 월요일
TOEFL Essay Week 10
Should the government subsidize women who must give up opportunities to work in order to have babies? Some are against this stance that the government is responsible for child-bearing women, whereas others believe that the government must assist in allowing them to have children and their own jobs. I agree with the latter stance and present my reasons below.
First, countless married couples in Korea do not want to have more than two children. The main reason for this preference is that raising a child requires a huge sum of money. Often, when a woman is pregnant, she worries about the financial burden related to giving birth. To illustrate, she may need to quit or resign from her job; thus, her income will decrease. In addition to this loss, she will be required to spend vast amounts of money to raise her child. Because Korean couples do not want to have many children, the government should encourage them to have as many babies as possible by giving them appropriate subsidies.
Even if you assume the above scenario is very plausible, some may disagree with my view primarily because this subsidy would increase taxes. The government’s subsidy would be backed by our taxes, which will cause all of us to be pressed for money. I agree with this rebuttal. I still, however, support my position because there is a more important matter to consider: Korea will face a difficult future unless we, Korean people, have as many babies as we have had in the past.
These days, the population in Korea is decreasing. In an attempt to increase the population, the Korean government established a policy to help married couples who have more than three children. This effort is attributed to boosting the Korean economy. The fewer babies we have, the worse our economy will become. Accordingly, the government must subsidize Korean women who give up their jobs to have children. This will foster the birth of many babies throughout Korea. If women are supported by the government, they will be free to raise their children.
To summarize, although each person may hold a different position on this issue, all things considered, I firmly believe that married people should be peculiarly supported by the government. I believe this because the Korean economy will be devastated if we don’t have babies; the subsidizing policy allows Korean people to have children and helps them with the money they need to do so.
First, countless married couples in Korea do not want to have more than two children. The main reason for this preference is that raising a child requires a huge sum of money. Often, when a woman is pregnant, she worries about the financial burden related to giving birth. To illustrate, she may need to quit or resign from her job; thus, her income will decrease. In addition to this loss, she will be required to spend vast amounts of money to raise her child. Because Korean couples do not want to have many children, the government should encourage them to have as many babies as possible by giving them appropriate subsidies.
Even if you assume the above scenario is very plausible, some may disagree with my view primarily because this subsidy would increase taxes. The government’s subsidy would be backed by our taxes, which will cause all of us to be pressed for money. I agree with this rebuttal. I still, however, support my position because there is a more important matter to consider: Korea will face a difficult future unless we, Korean people, have as many babies as we have had in the past.
These days, the population in Korea is decreasing. In an attempt to increase the population, the Korean government established a policy to help married couples who have more than three children. This effort is attributed to boosting the Korean economy. The fewer babies we have, the worse our economy will become. Accordingly, the government must subsidize Korean women who give up their jobs to have children. This will foster the birth of many babies throughout Korea. If women are supported by the government, they will be free to raise their children.
To summarize, although each person may hold a different position on this issue, all things considered, I firmly believe that married people should be peculiarly supported by the government. I believe this because the Korean economy will be devastated if we don’t have babies; the subsidizing policy allows Korean people to have children and helps them with the money they need to do so.
2009년 5월 1일 금요일
Journal Topic of the week 9
Q1. Do you do Cyworld? Tell me how you do. Explain what you you like about Cyworld (strengths) and what you do not like about it (Weaknesses)
I do Cyworld. I almost log on my cyworld acccount everyday, checking my friend's cyworld homepage. Cyworld is a type of Myspace or Facebook in Korea. I also upload my pictures, and post my diarys whenever I want to do. I believe that the strengths of Cyworld is that you can customize your Cyworld with your kind of taste. You can choose your favorite templete and set your favorite background music. It is fun to express yourself in such a way. However, what I do not like about Cyworld is that there is a limitation in size when uploading pictures. So sometime you have to resize it or crop it before you upload.
Q2: Compare between Cyworld and Naver blog in terms of functions and features.
The biggest difference between Cyworld and Naver blog is that, it takes money to decorate your webpage on Cyworld, while Naver blog doesn't take any money out of custumizing, except the background music. Another crucial difference is that Naver blog is anonymous while Cyworld is not. So people use these two in different purposes.
Q3: Review One English Teacher's Homepage from this website.
I chose Jon Berman's site (http://www.tokyojon.com/) and go through the whole site. Although, the site address include 'tokyo', most of the contents on the site is about Korea. It provides the blacklist and greenlists of Korean colleges or language centers. Jon exclaims that his webpage is the first ESL website in the world, but there is no way to verify it. The interesting thing is that the blacklist overwhelms the greenlist! It is such a shame that so many people who came across to South Korea have a bad impression about my country. I think this blacklist can be a good information since all the things talked here is based on a true story, summited by annoymous to Jon. Checking the blacklist may help finding out immoral businessmans.
I do Cyworld. I almost log on my cyworld acccount everyday, checking my friend's cyworld homepage. Cyworld is a type of Myspace or Facebook in Korea. I also upload my pictures, and post my diarys whenever I want to do. I believe that the strengths of Cyworld is that you can customize your Cyworld with your kind of taste. You can choose your favorite templete and set your favorite background music. It is fun to express yourself in such a way. However, what I do not like about Cyworld is that there is a limitation in size when uploading pictures. So sometime you have to resize it or crop it before you upload.
Q2: Compare between Cyworld and Naver blog in terms of functions and features.
The biggest difference between Cyworld and Naver blog is that, it takes money to decorate your webpage on Cyworld, while Naver blog doesn't take any money out of custumizing, except the background music. Another crucial difference is that Naver blog is anonymous while Cyworld is not. So people use these two in different purposes.
Q3: Review One English Teacher's Homepage from this website.
I chose Jon Berman's site (http://www.tokyojon.com/) and go through the whole site. Although, the site address include 'tokyo', most of the contents on the site is about Korea. It provides the blacklist and greenlists of Korean colleges or language centers. Jon exclaims that his webpage is the first ESL website in the world, but there is no way to verify it. The interesting thing is that the blacklist overwhelms the greenlist! It is such a shame that so many people who came across to South Korea have a bad impression about my country. I think this blacklist can be a good information since all the things talked here is based on a true story, summited by annoymous to Jon. Checking the blacklist may help finding out immoral businessmans.
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